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Economist whose expertise focuses on the interplay between education and economics. Sought to improve education by finding ways to align the search for new knowledge with the practical challenges of effecting positive change, and led the Spencer Foundation in support of projects addressing the purposes and values of education, education and social opportunity, and organizational learning in schools, school systems, and higher education institutions. Served as president of Macalester College (1996-2003) and was professor of economics, chairman of the Economics Department, and dean of faculty at Williams College. Coauthor or editor of several books, including College Access: Opportunity or Privilege? (2006), Keeping College Affordable (1991), and Economic Analysis, Moral Philosophy, and Public Policy (2006). Founding coeditor of the journal Economics and Philosophy. Former fellow of the Institute for Advanced Study and senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.