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“The number of which the House of Representatives is to consist, forms another and a very interesting point of view. . . . Scarce any article, indeed, in the whole Constitution seems to be rendered more worthy of attention, by the weight of character and the apparent force of argument with which it has been assailed. . . . No political problem is less susceptible of a precise solution than that which relates to the number most convenient for a representative legislature.”

—James Madison, The Federalist, No. 55