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An open access publication of the Ƶ
Summer 2015

Introduction

Authors
Anna M. Michalak and Christopher Bower Field
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ANNA M. MICHALAK is a Faculty Member in the Department of Global Ecology at the Carnegie Institution for Science and an Associate Professor, by courtesy, in the Department of Earth System Science at Stanford University. She is a Leopold Leadership Fellow, and a recipient of the Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering. Her articles have appeared in such journals as The Proceedings of the National Ƶ of Sciences, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Environmental Science & Technology, and Journal of Geophysical Research.

CHRISTOPHER B. FIELD, a Fellow of the American Ƶ since 2010, is the Founding Director of the Carnegie Institution for Science’s Department of Global Ecology and the Melvin and Joan Lane Professor for Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies at Stanford University. He is also Co-Chair of Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. His articles have appeared in such journals as Environmental Science & Technology, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, The Proceedings of the National Ƶ of Sciences, and Environmental Research Letters.

There is no resource more central to life on Earth than water, and its role in shaping the arc of human history cannot be overstated. Whether through its presence or absence, water has both fueled the growth of the world’s great societies and hastened their demise. Humanity’s need for water is inextricably linked to its need for security, energy, food, and community. At the same time, climate change, population growth, and economic development are currently placing unprecedented demands on this limited resource, as well as increasing the uncertainty associated with future demands and availability. As with all limited resources, both challenges and opportunities emerge as resources become scarcer; it is how societies and ecosystems respond to such “stresses” that determines their fate.

When we first embarked on the development of an issue of æ岹ܲ on the topic of water, we considered a number of ideas about how to organize and frame both the individual contributions and the issue overall. As researchers focusing on the functioning of the earth system and humankind’s role in altering this system, the challenges surrounding humanity’s use of–and need for–water seemed to us all too clear. Rather than organizing the collection of articles around a series of problems and failures, however, we were quickly drawn instead to the idea of framing current issues within the context of the decisions that we face and the opportunities that emerge as we are confronted with increasing demands on a limited resource. We hope that we have been successful in this endeavor, and that a sense of opportunity accompanies the sense of severity and urgency in the individual perspectives that make up this collection. If necessity is indeed the mother of invention, then we must be on the cusp of some unprecedented creativity!

It has been an honor and a great pleasure to work with some of the world’s leading water scholars as this special issue has taken shape, and it is with great excitement that we share the final product with the readership of æ岹ܲ.