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Takehiko Kariya is Professor in the Sociology of Japanese Society at Oxford University. He is the author of Education, Equality, and Meritocracy in a Global Age: The Japanese Approach (with Jeremy Rappleye, 2018), Education Reform and Social Class in Japan: The Emerging Incentive Divide (2012), and “Credential Inflation and Decredentialization: Re-examining the Mechanism of the Devaluation of Degrees” in European Sociological Review, (with Satoshi Araki, 2022).